The Kidnapping of Jaycee Lee Dugard

For years, she had smiled from her FBI missing child poster, one of those children who had been gone for so long that no one expected her to ever be found alive. But Jaycee Lee Dugard turned up on Aug. 27, 2009, at a California police station 18 years after being abducted. According to authorities, Dugard was held in captivity all that time by a convicted sex offender who kept her in his backyard compound, sheltered in tents, sheds, and outbuildings in Antioch, California. Police arrested 58-year-old Phillip Garrido, who they said kept Dugard as a virtual slave and fathered two children by her. The children were ages 11 and 15 when Dugard resurfaced. Kidnapping, Rape Charges Filed Garrido and his wife Nancy were charged with conspiracy and kidnapping. Garrido was also charged with rape by force, lewd and lascivious acts with a minor, and sexual penetration. He was on parole from a Nevada state prison following a conviction of rape by force or fear. He was paroled in 1999. Dugards ordeal neared its end when California parole officials received a report that Garrido had been seen with two young children. They called him in for questioning but sent him home with instructions to return the following day. The next day, Garrido returned with his wife; Dugard, who was going by the name Allissa; and the two children. The investigators separated Garrido from the group so that they could interview Dugard. During the interview, she attempted to protect Garrido when investigators asked if she knew that he was a  sex offender. As the interview continued, Dugard became visibly agitated and made up a story about being an abused wife hiding from her husband in the Garrido home. As the interviews became more intensive, Dugard began to show signs of Stockholm Syndrome, in which a captive held long enough develops positive feelings for the captor. She became angry, demanding to know why she was being interrogated. Finally, Garrido broke down and told investigators he had kidnapped and raped Dugard. Only after his confession did she reveal her true identity. El Dorado County Undersheriff Fred Kollar said: None of the children have ever been to school, theyve never been to a doctor. They were kept in complete isolation in this compound, if you will. There was electricity from electrical cords, rudimentary outhouse, rudimentary shower, as if you were camping. It was here that Dugard had given birth to her two children. Reunited With Mother Authorities said Dugard appeared to be in good health when she arrived at a San Francisco Bay Area police station to be reunited with her mother, who was overjoyed to find her daughter alive. Also welcoming the news was Dugards stepfather, Carl Probyn, the last person to see her before she disappeared and a longtime suspect in the case. It broke my marriage up. Ive gone through hell; I mean Im a suspect up until yesterday, Probyn told The Associated Press at his home in Orange, California. Backyard Compound Investigators searched the home and property where Dugard had been held captive, expanding their search to an adjacent property looking for clues in other missing persons cases. Behind the Garrido home, investigators found what looked like a tented compound where Dugard and her children had lived. Inside they found a rug spread out with a bed on it. On the bed were several piles of clothing and boxes. Another tented area contained clothing, pictures, books, plastic storage containers, and toys. There were no modern conveniences except for electrical lighting. According to court papers, Garrido had stopped having sex with Dugard around the time that she gave birth to her second child. Afterward, all five held themselves out to be a family, taking vacations and running a family business together. Mixed Emotions Phillip and Nancy Garrido pleaded not guilty to 29 counts, including forcible abduction, rape, and false imprisonment. When the Garridos were arrested, Dugard experienced mixed emotions. With counseling and medical care, she began to understand the terrible things that were done to her. Her attorney McGregor Scott said she was fully cooperating with the investigation because she understood that the Garridos needed to be held accountable for their crimes. $20 Million Settlement In February 2010, Dugard and her daughters, then 15 and 12, filed claims against the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, claiming the agency failed to do its job of properly supervising Garrido, who was supposed to be under parole supervision during much of the time he held Dugard captive. Parole officers never discovered Dugard and her daughters during the 10 years Garrido was under supervision. The lawsuit also claimed psychological, physical, and emotional damage. That July, the state offered Dugard a $20 million settlement mediated by retired San Francisco County Superior Court Judge Daniel Weinstein. The money will be used to buy the family a home, ensure privacy, pay for education, replace lost income. and cover what will likely be years of therapy, Weinstein told reporters. Guilty Pleas On April 28, 2011, the Garridos pleaded guilty to kidnapping and rape, sparing Dugard and her daughters from testifying at trial. On June 3, Phillip Garridos received a sentence of 431 years to life; Nancy Garridos was sentenced to 36 years to life. They made no eye contact with anyone and kept their heads down as Dugards mother, Terry Probyn, read a statement from her daughter: I chose not to be here today because I refuse to waste another second of my life in your presence...Everything you have ever done to me has been wrong and someday I hope you can see that...[A]s I think of all of those years I am angry because you stole my life and that of my family. Thankfully I am doing well now and no longer live in a nightmare. Nancy Garrido is imprisoned at the California Institution for Women in Corona, California. Phillip Garridos institution wasnt available in August 2019. Sources Martinez, Michael. Phillip, Nancy Garrido Sentenced in Jaycee Dugard Kidnapping. CNN.Glynn,  Casey. Nancy and Philip Garrido sentenced for Jaycee Lee Dugard kidnapping. CBS News.CDCR Inmate Locator. California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation.

Fda s Recent Approvals Of Pd 1 Pathway Drug Treatments

Section A: FDA’s recent approvals of PD-1 Pathway drug treatments The mechanisms observed from various preliminary studies have led researchers to determine that antibody mediated blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway should have positive effects on tumor regression. This has led to the development of various drugs to target the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. In the last decade, checkpoint inhibitory drugs have been utilized to increase cancer survival rates by blocking the PD-1--PD-L1 pathway interactions . By blocking this pathway, various immune cells such as CTLs, NK, and DCs can properly detect cancer cells and trigger T-cell activation thus enabling tumor cell apoptosis. Numerous PD-1 inhibitors have recently been developed as therapeutic†¦show more content†¦Several studies have been conducted showing the effectiveness of the drug in Advanced-Merkel Cell Carcinoma and non-small cell cancer. In a study by Nghiem, a total of 26 patients with advanced Merkel-cell carcinoma re ceived a first line therapy with Pembrolizumab . All had either recurrent locoregional Merkel-cell carcinoma or distant metastatic cancer that were not receptive to surgery or radiation therapy. (45). No patients had previous received systemic therapy, however one patient had received adjuvant chemotherapy more than 6 months before the beginning of the study. Pembrolizumab was administered intravenously at a dose of 2 mg per kilogram of body weight every 3 weeks. Patients were evaluated every 4 weeks to assess progression. Treatment was continued for a maximum of 2 years. Following the study, the overall response rate was 56%, with complete and or partial responses occurring in 14 out of the 25 patients treated. (45). Similar results were seen in a study that evaluated the maximum tolerated dose, antitumor activity, and pharmokinetics of Pembrolizumab in patients with melanoma and Merkel cell carcinoma. (46). A total of 30 out of 32 patients recruited received Pembrolizumab in various doses (1mg, 2mg, 3mg, and 10mg/kg respectively) intravenously every 2 weeks until tumor progression or toxicity occurred. They found no dose-limiting toxicities occurred and observed that two patients had completeShow MoreRelatedTreatment Of Metastatic Squamous Non Small Cell Lung Cancer1744 Words   |  7 PagesSquibb; For the treatment of metastatic squamous non-small cell lung cancer, Approved March 2015 WEDNESDAY, March 4, 2015 (HealthDay News) -- U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval of Opdivo (nivolumab) has been expanded to include advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the agency said Wednesday in a news release. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States, having been diagnosed more than 224,000 times and causing more than 159,000 deaths in 2014, the FDA said. NSCLCRead MoreRole Of Cancer As A Genetic Disease2893 Words   |  12 PagesCase Study: BIOT 635 Prahelika Reddy ROLE OF ONCOGENES IN CANCER RESEARCH 1. Introduction The idea that development of cancer as a genetic disease was first postulated by Cavenee et al and developed by Fearon and Vogelstein. According to COSMIC (Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer) database, the current list of known somatic genetic mutations leading to cancer is 522. Genes which undergo mutations leading to cancer can be classified into two groups - Proto-Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor genesRead MoreAn Evaluation of an on-Farm Food Safety Program for Ontario Greenhouse Vegetable Producers; a Global Blueprint for Fruit and Vegetable Producers51659 Words   |  207 Pagestrends was developed through the examination of current on-farm food safety issues and programs, with specific focus on the Ontario Greenhouse Vegetable Growers (OGVG) hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP)- based initiative. In 2003, OGVG s 200 members had a combined farm-gate value of $350 million and represented 41 per cent of North American greenhouse vegetable production. Program implem entation barriers identified included: perceived costs of participation, the priority of food safetyRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesCross Reference of Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) Concepts to Text Topics Chapter 1 Modern Project Management Chapter 8 Scheduling resources and cost 1.2 Project defined 1.3 Project management defined 1.4 Projects and programs (.2) 2.1 The project life cycle (.2.3) App. G.1 The project manager App. G.7 Political and social environments F.1 Integration of project management processes [3.1] 6.5.2 Setting a schedule baseline [8.1.4] 6.5.3.1 Setting a resource schedule 6.5.2.4 Resource

Organisation in Global Context Taylorism

Question: Write about theOrganisation in Global Contextfor Taylorism. Answer: Introduction This particular study has two parts. The first part is all about the company Ford and how scientific management theories have change their process of working and has helped them in gaining competitive advantage in the market. It also reflects how taylorism has not become totally obsolete. It still plays a vital role. The second part is about the role of power of organisational culture for big companies like Toyota in order to remain successful. The management follows participative leadership style in order to give importance to every employees working in the company. This study also shows how it is important for a MNC like Toyota to give values to culture of all the companies where it operates. Ford and Taylorism The clip is all about the rise of the famous automobile organisation Ford Automobile company Ford through management theory Taylorism. The process that Ford used in that era might be obsolete now due to technological advancement but still today every big companys implements strategies which would be cost effective and less time consuming. So it can be said that the concept is still there in countries like Australia, USA and Europe (Huhtala, et al 2013). Changes in Production Method When the company was initially formed the company used to follow methods which were extremely costly and time consuming. The assembling process of the car was very lengthy and costly as well. The worker had to bring the car in particular place and then the entire assembling was done which took more than 12 hour time. And most importantly after such a hectic schedule and process the workers used to get extremely tired as a result of which the target production was not met. All of these factors made the company extremely worried and they were unable to sell cars at an affordable price as the operations cost became higher. This is the reason why Ford hired Fredrick Winslow Tailor so that he can provide some help by applying his unique management concept (Anitha and Begum, 2016). Introduction to Assembly Line System After gaining proper knowledge of the situation Ford understood the reason behind the time consumption. The first thing he told Ford is to divide his workforce as per their capabilities. He asked him to give work to the workers as per their comfort level. According to this concept Assembly line was introduced. In 1908 this assembly line concept was implemented for the first time .Different workstations were made and every work stations had workers with their specified task as per their competency. The cars were pulled wit rope by the works from one station to another and assembling was done in a processed manner. This reduced huge time. The production was also increased. Ford also saw that some of the small task was taking larger time than the big ones. So he changed the entire tooling method and brought some new machinery to save those extra times. All this process reduced the car preparation time hugely. After this innovative process in the production model T which was the most pop ular car took only 93 minutes for preparation. This gave the company new lights and the company became immensely successful (Witzel and Warner, 2015) Taylorism in Todays World One of the most important mottos of taylorism was employee motivation. This is why Ford created all sort of extra benefits for their employee like extra pay, incentives so that they can never be demotivated and work for the goal of the company. This is still followed in most of the big MNCs of Australia and US. In every call centres where employees have t meet a particular monthly target; this concept of taylorism is still followed. Whenever any employees over shoots their target they get extra benefits from the company like a holiday trip or a lunch coupon at restaurants as rewards. Moreover they get incentives apart from their fixed salaries for their extra efforts ( Denison et al.2014) So it is observed that it might happen that process and techniques have changed but still the major concepts of taylorism is still followed and accepted in certain business. Toyotas Corporate Culture and Problem Spreading in its Culture Toyota is one of the worlds biggest cars manufacturing company of today. The production system of the company is extremely good as the management has ensured that proper employees are there in proper places. As Toyota has been operating in various companies so it has made sure that it properly accepts the culture of the company where it is operating. This is a clever strategy to satisfy the employees working in various branches of Toyota. Toyota being a Japanese brand has always followed American culture in its operations. The organisation has always believed in innovation and the culture has always supported participative leadership style so that every employee can put their viewpoint. The 7 key points of their culture are Innovation and risk taker: In todays world technology is changing everyday and so as peoples taste and perception. Every company is trying to introduce new technology in order to gain more customers. Toyota also firmly believes in innovation. So they never back up in taking some risk like designing new cars (Arifin, 2014). Individual Initiatives: As discussed earlier the company follows participative leadership style which allows employees from every level that is from senior management level to junior executive level to put forward their view point when some crucial decision is taken. People Oriented: The company policies are completely employee oriented. They take all the possible steps to keep their employees satisfied. Team work: Team work is extremely necessary for every organisation to sustain the work pressure. In a dynamic environment team work I necessity and Toyotas culture fully supports this. Aggressive: To stay in the competition a company has to be aggressive in its approach. Toyota does the same. Communitarians: Communitarians is all about spreading a wider knowledge. Toyota follows it as they promote innovation. Conclusion From the above two videos it can be concluded that innovation is the boon to success for every organisations in the world. Taylorism might have got obsolete when it comes to technique still its main concepts are widely accepted and appreciated by every organisation in the world. The concept of employee motivation was there 100 years ago and it is still there. Organisational culture plays a vital role for success of any company in the world. The organisational culture of Toyota has helped the company to achieve huge market share in the worldwide car manufacturing market. Their giving importance to employees of every culture is a textbook to follow for other companies. Reference Anitha, J. and Begum, F.N., 2016. Role of Organisational Culture and Employee Commitment in Employee Retention.ASBM Journal of Management,9(1), p.17. Arifin, H.M., 2014. The influence of competence, motivation, and organisational culture to high school teacher job satisfaction and performance.International Education Studies,8(1), p.38. Denison, D., Nieminen, L. and Kotrba, L., 2014. Diagnosing organizational cultures: A conceptual and empirical review of culture effectiveness surveys.European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology,23(1), pp.145-161. Huhtala, M., Feldt, T., Hyvnen, K. and Mauno, S., 2013. Ethical organisational culture as a context for managers personal work goals.Journal of Business Ethics,114(2), pp.265-282. Witzel, M. and Warner, M., 2015. Taylorism revisited: Culture, management theory and paradigm-shift.Journal of General Management,40(3), pp.55-69.